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Spatiotemporal analysis of black carbon sources: Case of Santiago, Chile, under SARS-CoV-2 lockdowns

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Título	Spatiotemporal analysis of black carbon sources: Case of Santiago, Chile, under SARS-CoV-2 lockdowns
Autor(es)	Héctor Jorquera, Carla Adasme, Ana María Villalobos
Línea(s)	Acceso y movilidad
Año de publicacion	2022
Revista	Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
Palabras claves	Black carbon; aethalometer model; spatiotemporal patterns; fuzzy clustering; FUSTA
Resumen	Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has temporarily decreased black carbon emissions worldwide. The use of multi-wavelength aethalometers provides a quantitative apportionment of black carbon (BC) from fossil fuels (BC_ff) and wood-burning sources (BC_wb). However, this apportionment is aggregated: local and non-local BC sources are lumped together in the aethalometer results. Methods: We propose a spatiotemporal analysis of BC results along with meteorological data, using a fuzzy clustering approach, to resolve local and non-local BC contributions. We apply this methodology to BC measurements taken at an urban site in Santiago, Chile, from March through December 2020, including lockdown periods of different intensities. Results: BC_ff accounts for 85% of total BC; there was up to an 80% reduction in total BC during the most restrictive lockdowns (April–June); the reduction was 40–50% in periods with less restrictive lockdowns. The new methodology can apportion BC_ff and BC_wb into local and non-local contributions; local traffic (wood burning) sources account for 66% (86%) of BC_ff (BC_wb). Conclusions: The intensive lockdowns brought down ambient BC across the city. The proposed fuzzy clustering methodology can resolve local and non-local contributions to BC in urban zones.
Doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417064
Autor de correspondencia	Héctor Jorquera: jorquera@ing.puc.cl

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